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Drug Test Abbreviations & Substances Guide

Understand the substances commonly included in drug screening panels and what their abbreviations mean.

Drug test panels screen for different drugs, drug classes, or metabolites. Abbreviations such as AMP, THC, OPI, and FEN help identify the substances included in a particular test.

This guide explains common drug test abbreviations, provides general information about each substance, and highlights important testing considerations.

Drug Test Abbreviation Directory

Select an abbreviation to learn more about the corresponding substance or drug class.

AMP Amphetamine BAR Barbiturates BUP Buprenorphine BZO Benzodiazepines COC Cocaine COT Cotinine EtG Ethyl Glucuronide FEN Fentanyl MDMA Ecstasy MET / mAMP Methamphetamine MOP Morphine MTD Methadone OPI Opiates OXY Oxycodone PCP Phencyclidine PPX Propoxyphene TCA Tricyclic Antidepressants THC Cannabis TRA Tramadol

What Is a Drug Test Panel?

A drug test panel is a collection of individual assays designed to screen for selected drugs, drug classes, or metabolites.

A 5-panel test generally screens for five drug groups or analytes, while a 12-panel test screens for twelve. However, the exact substances included can vary between manufacturers and configurations.

A higher panel number does not automatically mean a test includes every substance you need to screen for.

Always review the product's panel configuration, specimen type, cutoff concentrations, and intended use.

Common Drugs & Substances

The following profiles explain substances and drug classes commonly encountered in screening programs.

Amphetamine

AMP
Stimulant

Amphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant. Certain amphetamine-based medications are prescribed for conditions such as ADHD and narcolepsy.

Examples include medications containing mixed amphetamine salts or dextroamphetamine.

Testing note: Amphetamine screening assays have product-specific cross-reactivity characteristics. Methylphenidate medications are chemically distinct from amphetamines.

Barbiturates

BAR
Central Nervous System Depressants

Barbiturates are medications that depress central nervous system activity. Certain barbiturates are used for seizure management, anesthesia, and other medical applications.

Testing note: BAR assays screen for selected barbiturates. Detection characteristics vary by compound and test.

Buprenorphine

BUP
Partial Opioid Agonist

Buprenorphine is a medication used to treat opioid use disorder and, in certain formulations, pain.

Testing note: Buprenorphine generally requires an assay designed to detect buprenorphine or its metabolites. Standard opiate screening does not reliably detect it.

Benzodiazepines

BZO
Central Nervous System Depressants

Benzodiazepines are medications prescribed for conditions including anxiety, seizures, and certain sleep disorders.

Examples include diazepam, lorazepam, and alprazolam.

Testing note: Benzodiazepine immunoassays differ in their ability to detect individual medications and metabolites.

Cocaine

COC
Stimulant

Cocaine is a stimulant derived from coca leaves. It affects the central nervous system and has a high potential for misuse.

Testing note: Many urine cocaine assays primarily detect benzoylecgonine, a cocaine metabolite.

Cotinine

COT
Nicotine Metabolite

Cotinine is a major metabolite of nicotine. It is commonly used as a biomarker of nicotine exposure.

Testing note: Cotinine testing may detect exposure from cigarettes, vaping products, nicotine replacement therapy, or other nicotine sources. It does not by itself identify the source.

Ethyl Glucuronide

EtG
Alcohol Metabolite

Ethyl glucuronide is a metabolite formed when the body processes ethanol. It is used as a biomarker of alcohol exposure.

Testing note: EtG testing differs from breath alcohol testing. A positive EtG result does not establish current impairment.

Fentanyl

FEN
Synthetic Opioid

Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid used medically for pain management and anesthesia. Illicitly manufactured fentanyl is also found in the unregulated drug supply.

Testing note: Standard opiate immunoassays generally do not reliably detect fentanyl. A fentanyl-specific assay or appropriate laboratory method is needed.

MDMA (Ecstasy)

MDMA
Psychoactive Stimulant

MDMA is a synthetic psychoactive substance with stimulant and perception-altering effects.

Testing note: MDMA-specific assays may be included in expanded drug test panels. Standard amphetamine assays do not necessarily detect MDMA reliably.

Methamphetamine

MET / mAMP
Stimulant

Methamphetamine is a central nervous system stimulant. It has limited medical uses and is also produced and distributed illicitly.

Testing note: Methamphetamine and amphetamine are related but distinct substances. Some panels include separate assays for each.

Morphine

MOP
Naturally Occurring Opioid

Morphine is an opioid medication used for pain management. It is also a metabolite of certain other opioids.

Testing note: A morphine-targeted assay may detect morphine and cross-react with certain related opioids. Refer to the individual assay specifications.

Methadone

MTD
Synthetic Opioid

Methadone is a medication used to treat opioid use disorder and, in certain circumstances, pain.

Testing note: Methadone generally requires a dedicated assay. Some tests target methadone itself, while others detect its metabolite EDDP.

Opiates

OPI
Opioid Drug Class

Opiates include naturally occurring opium-derived substances such as morphine and codeine.

The broader opioid category also includes semisynthetic and synthetic substances, such as oxycodone, fentanyl, and methadone.

Testing note: A standard OPI assay does not detect every opioid. Separate assays may be required for fentanyl, oxycodone, buprenorphine, methadone, and other substances.

Oxycodone

OXY
Semisynthetic Opioid

Oxycodone is a prescription opioid medication used for pain management.

Testing note: Standard morphine-targeted opiate assays may have limited sensitivity for oxycodone. An oxycodone-specific assay may be needed.

Phencyclidine

PCP
Dissociative Drug

Phencyclidine, commonly called PCP, is a dissociative substance that can alter perception, awareness, and behavior.

Testing note: PCP is included in some standard and expanded drug screening panels.

Propoxyphene

PPX
Synthetic Opioid

Propoxyphene is an opioid pain medication formerly marketed in the United States under brand names including Darvon and Darvocet.

In 2010, the FDA requested withdrawal of propoxyphene-containing medications from the U.S. market because of safety concerns.

Testing note: PPX may still appear in certain expanded drug screening panels.

Tricyclic Antidepressants

TCA
Antidepressant Medications

Tricyclic antidepressants are a class of medications used for depression and certain other medical conditions.

Examples include amitriptyline and nortriptyline.

Testing note: TCA screening assays differ in their ability to detect individual medications.

Cannabis / THC

THC
Cannabinoid

Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the primary intoxicating compound associated with cannabis.

Testing note: Many urine THC assays detect the metabolite THC-COOH rather than measuring current intoxication.

Tramadol

TRA
Synthetic Opioid Analgesic

Tramadol is a prescription opioid medication used to manage pain. It also affects norepinephrine and serotonin signaling.

Testing note: Tramadol generally requires a specific assay or appropriate laboratory testing. Standard opiate screens do not reliably detect it.

Important Considerations When Selecting a Drug Test

Drug screening products differ in their intended use, specimen type, analytes, cutoff concentrations, and regulatory classifications.

A test labeled as a 12-panel or 14-panel does not necessarily include fentanyl, tramadol, or every other substance of interest.

Always compare the specific panel configuration and review the manufacturer's instructions before purchasing or using a testing product.

Understanding results: Rapid immunoassay results are generally presumptive. When required, an initial positive result should be confirmed using an appropriate laboratory method.

A positive screening result does not automatically establish misuse, impairment, or the source of a substance.

Frequently Asked Questions

What do the abbreviations on a drug test mean?

Drug test abbreviations identify the substances, drug classes, or metabolites included in a test. For example, AMP commonly refers to amphetamine, THC to cannabinoids, and FEN to fentanyl.

Abbreviations can vary between manufacturers. Always consult the product's panel listing.

Does a 12-panel drug test include fentanyl?

Not necessarily. A 12-panel test includes twelve assays, but the specific substances vary by product.

Look for FEN or another explicitly identified fentanyl assay in the product specifications.

What is the difference between OPI and OXY?

OPI generally refers to an opiate screening assay, commonly targeting morphine-related compounds.

OXY refers to an assay designed to detect oxycodone or related metabolites.

Standard OPI assays may not reliably detect oxycodone.

Are drug test panel configurations standardized?

No. Panel configurations vary by manufacturer, product, and intended use.

Two products with the same panel number may screen for different substances.

Does a positive drug test mean someone is impaired?

No. A drug screening result does not, by itself, establish current impairment.

Interpretation depends on the substance, specimen type, testing method, and circumstances.

Explore Testing Products & Resources

Learn more about drug testing methods or browse available screening products.

Drug Testing Facts → Learn about testing methods, results, and common questions. Drug & Alcohol Testing → Explore drug screening products and supplies. Browse All Products → Find testing products by format and analyte.

Educational information: This guide provides general information about substances and drug testing. It is not a substitute for medical advice, laboratory interpretation, or product-specific instructions.

Product specifications, regulatory classifications, and testing capabilities vary by device.

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